Directions: Any of the following is fair-game for the test on Immigration/Industrialization/The Gilded Age. You need to be familiar with (define and be able to use correctly) all of the following terms and concepts. You should be able to answer all of the essential questions and concept questions.

You will be allowed to use your review sheet on the test

- Essential Questions

What were the benefits and harms of industrialization?

Why was there an increase of immigration to the United States during this period of time?

How did people already living in the United States feel about these new immigrants? (What is the irony of this???)

What was life like for the new immigrants to the United States during this period of time?

What was life like in urbanized cities during this period of time?

How did the government affect:

- - Businesses (and vice versa)
  - Immigration

Emergence of Big Business

Key Concepts/Concept questions:

Who were the significant entrepreneurs of the era? What were their businesses? How did they become so wealthy?
What is Social Darwinism?
Government Response to big business (oil, steel, RxRs, etc…)

Vocabulary

Andrew Carnegie
John D. Rockefeller
Sherman Anti-Trust act (and trust)
Interstate Commerce Act
Transcontinental Railroad
Robber Baron
Captain of Industry

Workers of the Nation Unite

Key Concepts/Concept questions

Treatment of workers in factories and reasons for it (with examples)
Emergence of Unions – what groups, methods of protest, outcomes (with specific examples)
Social and government responses to Union actions

Vocabulary

Samuel Gompers
AFL
Knights of Labor
IWW (Wobblies)

Immigrations

Key Concepts

Reasons for immigration and largest groups to immigrate to the United States
- China/Japan
- Eastern Europe
- Mexico/West Indies
What were societal reactions to immigrants? (Be able to give a generalization and specific examples)
What difficulties immigrants experienced?
Was the United States really a "Melting Pot"? Why or why not?
What were the settlement patterns of new immigrants to big cities (like San Francisco or New York - look at the map on page 263)
What was the experience of arriving in the United States like for new immigrants during this period of time? (Be specific... not just "good" or "bad")

Vocabulary

Ellis Island
Angel Island
Culture Shock
Chinese Exclusion Act
Gentlemen’s Agreement
Settlement Houses
Nativism
Americanization Movement

Urbanization

Key Concepts

Reasons to settle in the city (either from immigration or as people moved from the rural parts of the country into the cities)
Living Conditions
- What were the good things about living in the cities?
- What were the bad things about living in the cities?
Urban Problems and solutions (including how effects are they)
Reform Efforts - who (specific people and groups) offered help to new immigrants and the poorer class? How did they try to help?

Vocabulary

Urbanization
Americanization Movement
Row Houses
Dumbbell tenements
Social Gospel Movement
Settlement Houses/Hull House
Jane Addams

Emergence of Political Machines

Key Concepts

How do political machines it work?
What is the effect of political machines on taxpayers?

Vocabulary

Graft
Political machine
Tammany Hall
Party boss - Boss Tweed
Thomas Nast

Politics in the Gilded Age

Key concepts

What political reforms were attempted during the Gilded Age? How successful were they?
Presidential actions taken

Vocabulary

Patronage/Spoils System
Civil Service
Stalwarts
Rutherford B. Hayes
James A. Garfield
Chester Arthur
Benjamin Harrison
Grover Cleveland
Pendleton Civil Service Act

Other key concepts

What is meant by the term “Gilded Age” - how accurate is this term for the era between 1880-1900?
What are the Costs and benefits of industrialization
How effective was the Federal Government during the Gilded Age? Explain your answer.